让我们谈谈COPD标志和症状

是过敏吗?老化?或者你的呼吸困难是一个更严重的迹象?我们要求专家如何讲述差异。

经过Marjorie Korn. 卫生师

这是第四个美国的死亡原因,但除非您或您认识的人具有慢性阻塞性肺病,或者COPD,否则这可能不是您对此思考的东西。而且由于其症状是常见的并且在许多条件下共享,因此COPD通常被误诊。但早期捕捉这种疾病会在您可以管理它的有效性方面产生了很大的影响。如果你担心你可能有Copd,这里有一些留意的东西。

COPD标志和症状

Our Pro Panel

我们在COPD中前往一些国家的顶级专家,为您带来最新的信息。

Nereida A. Parada,M.D.爆头。

Nereida A. Parada,M.D.

Associate Professor of Medicine, Clinical Lead for Asthma and COPD

Tulane医学院,杜兰哮喘中心

新奥尔良,洛杉矶

Paul Andrew Reyfman,M.D.爆头。

Paul Andrew Reyfman,M.D.

医学助理教授,肺部和关键护理

Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine

Chicago, IL

Byron Thomashow,M.D.爆头。

Byron Thomashow,M.D.

Professor of Medicine, Co-Founder and Senior Medical Advisor

Columbia University, COPD Foundation

New York, NY

copSymptoms
经常问的问题
COPD总是吸烟吗?

Not always, but usually. About 75% of diagnosed cases are due to cigarettes. The other 25% are likely caused by exposure to secondhand smoke or other toxic chemicals due to your job or living with a smoker.

干咳咳嗽不太可能是由copd引起的?

实际上,COPD咳嗽可以干燥或湿润(意味着涉及粘液)。最重要的是,你的咳嗽是否可以表明COPD是它的持续时间。如果它持续了两个月或更长时间,是时候看到你的医生了。

减肥与COPD有什么关系?

COPD可能会导致您无意中流出磅数。首先,当你的肺部没有正常工作时,口气可能会有10倍。所有额外的努力都燃烧了很多卡路里。其次,当你无法呼吸时,吃东西的行为是不舒服的,导致很多人在饭菜上剪掉。但是,如果您正在努力保持体重,您需要能量帮助对抗疾病,因此可以与您的医生讨论营养补充剂。

当我运动时呼吸呼吸疼。我应该停下来吗?

Absolutely, 100% no. Working your lungs plays a critical role in keeping them strong, and the stronger they are, the better equipped you will be to fight back against your COPD. It’s not easy, we know. Ask your doctor about pulmonary rehabilitation—a program that sets you up with an exercise routine that is tailored to your level and lung abilities, and will also provide you with breathing exercises so you can work on expanding your lung capacity.

刷新:什么是copd?

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the story of good lungs gone bad. When you have this condition, it feels as though there is something clogging up the airways to your lungs, making it impossible to suck in enough air and leaving you short of breath. There are more than 16.4 million Americans diagnosed with COPD, and the real number of people living with this condition is likely quite a bit higher, since many people don’t seek help until the disease has become severe. The late-stage diagnosis may also contribute to the 150,000 deaths from COPD every year.

要了解COPD,它有助于了解肺部的工作方式。查看此快速底漆:

  • Each lung is made up of something called bronchial tubes.

  • 这些管子分成较小的管,称为支气管素,如树木分支成较小的分支,甚至更小的分​​支,等等。

  • 支气管的末端被覆盖着alveoli, tiny air sacs that cluster together like grapes on a vine. When you’re healthy, your body has a whopping 480 million alveoli that function like new balloons—pliable and strong.

  • 当你吸气时,肺泡充满空气and separate out the oxygen. The oxygen then passes into your bloodstream via your capillaries, where it is transported to muscles and tissues that help you perform your daily functions.

  • After sending out oxygen, your capillaries then collect and expel carbon dioxide back into the alveoli. This carbon dioxide is released when you exhale, in a process known as gas exchange.

这就是你的身体和肺部一切都很好。然而,在COPD中,您的肺部受损,牙槽的能力在空气中采用并分开氧气变得损害。这可以以几种不同的方式发生,因为COPD是一种涵盖多个呼吸相关条件的伞术语。

获得COPD的所有信息
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类型of COPD

Two of the most common are emphysema and chronic bronchitis. Let’s review what happen with these disorders.

Emphysema

当牙槽的墙壁分解时,小鳞片气囊的簇开始融入一个大斑点,让您带有一些更大的气囊。因为肺泡壁用作过滤氧气的膜,所以较少的囊,表面容量越氧气,以实现血液。因为气道本身因肺气肿而失去弹性,因此可以限制气流,造成呼吸急促。

Chronic Bronchitis

肺支气管的炎症和刺激被称为支气管炎,可以导致咳嗽拟合和呼吸急促。支气管炎可能出于任何数量的原因出现,但慢性排序被认为是一种COPD,因此跟踪它持续多久是很重要的。如果您连续两年至少咳嗽并生产粘液,则认为慢性支气管炎。这种疾病是可治疗的,但不能完全可逆。

COPD的原因是什么?

人们发展这种肺病的最大原因是吸烟。当你吸烟时,你将超过4,000种化学物质吸入你的身体,至少有40个已知引起癌症。这些化学物质刺激和涌入肺部,向您的身体发出信号,向该区域发送白细胞(部分免疫系统反应)。白细胞释放酶破坏肺组织,导致COPD。

Smoking accounts for about 75% of COPD cases. The remaining 25% of people can attribute it to air pollution like secondhand smoke, ammonia, asbestos, and other chemical fumes. Some asthma sufferers are also diagnosed with COPD, and in this case, treatment can usually reverse the inflammation that causes narrowing in the lung’s airways.

COPD的常见风险因素

Given how widespread COPD is, it would stand to reason that the symptoms of it would be fairly obvious. The problem is that there’s no singular indicator for the disease, and the most common signs can easily be mistaken for other respiratory illnesses.

For instance, that cough you’ve had on-and-off since Thanksgiving sounds like a cold you can’t kick. Feeling short of breath, especially when you’re exerting yourself climbing stairs or walking through an airport while pulling your luggage, can seem like a normal part of aging. And if you’re a smoker, you may chalk all the huffing and puffing up to your pack-a-day habit.

那么你怎么知道何时担心?通常,当症状持续存在时,一个恶休医生认为诊断削弱到COPD的所有可能性。在我们进入特定症状之前,了解您是否对发展疾病的风险更大,而不是其他人。最常见的是,具有COPD的人共享这些属性中的至少一个:

  • 你是40岁或以上

  • 您目前吸烟或有吸烟历史

  • 您暴露于生物质燃料(特别是与开放式火焰的烹饪相关的东西 - 影响全世界约有30亿人的东西)

  • 您的职业定期暴露于化学物质或污染

  • 一个亲戚被诊断为COPD

  • 你经常暴露于二手烟

What Are Other Risk Factors for COPD?

Along with these common denominators in people who get COPD, there are a few other things to consider.

Gender:女性更有可能被诊断出来,而不是男人,但医生并不肯定为什么。它可能是烟草公司在20世纪60年代推动的结果,以吸引妇女在免疫系统中吸烟或差异以及它如何对吸烟或污染作出反应。它也可能是女性比男人在症状出现时参观医生。

遗传学:A small percentage of patients have a genetic predisposition to COPD and emerging research from Columbia University Medical Center in New York City suggests that certain people are born with narrower airway passages in their lungs, making them more susceptible to COPD.

COPD的主要症状

谈到发现这种情况的迹象,它有助于专注于COPD的“C”:慢性。例如,咳嗽被认为是慢性,如果它挂在两个月内。这就是你担心COPD的时候要注意的是什么:

  • Coughing:湿(生产粘液)或干咳是这种疾病的迹象。

  • Low energy:In some cases, particularly inthe early stages of COPD,你可能不那么意识到呼吸困难,但意识到你的能量是下垂的(因为你没有得到足够的氧气)。

  • 经常性呼吸道感染:Viral infections cause up to 30% of COPD flares, and people with the condition are more prone to them, thanks to their difficulty in clearing their lungs of bacteria, dust, and other pollutants

  • 气促:当你在运动过程中施加自己或其他强有力的运动时,你很可能会遇到这个,但是当你在半夜醒来时也可能发生。

  • 胸部紧绷:The proverbial elephant-sitting-on-chest comes to mind, as COPD can make it feel like there’s no room in your lungs to suck in the air.

  • 减肥:当你的身体必须工作10次比正常更难以为您提供足够的氧气来生活,你就比普通人更燃烧了更多的卡路里。夫妻认为,吃着自己可以让你缺乏呼吸,并且这种疾病的许多人都是由于这种疾病进展而有意外减肥的候选人。

  • Wheezing:A high-itched whistling noise may occur on either your inhale or exhale.

  • 加剧:During these instances, also called flares, you’ll notice one or more of these symptoms get worse for a few days at a time.

扫描此症状列表,它们看起来很平常,这是毫无疑问的COPD被误导。此外,一般从业者并不总是思想,因为诊断COPD需要一些井胎,并且经常在普通医生预约中没有足够的时间来接受线索。

这是一个越来越多的问题:在不知道他们的不适的原因,许多未结社会的COPD的人恢复了触发呼吸急促的活动 - 即,运动和其他形式的体力劳累。这不知不觉地导致更多的麻烦,因为较少的运动削弱肺部,这使得它们更容易受到疾病的症状。因此,当时COPD患者最终在肺部学家的办公室中,症状已经进展到它们非常有限。

还有一些叫做“哮喘重叠”的东西,这是指很多哮喘的人也有一个COPD的组成部分 - 即使他们从未吸烟过。所有这些变量都让您呼吸的根源困难挑战。但不要放弃。你和你一个人知道你的能力(或缺乏它)呼吸是干扰你过全生活的能力。

去年考虑这一次。你的整体呼吸都改变了吗?你的能量水平?如果您怀疑某些可能会发生的事情,请参加CateOnline.org免费提供COPD评估测试。如果您的分数为10或以上,您的症状通常被认为是显着的。甚至没有自我测试,如果你有一个亨希,你的挥之不去的咳嗽是不仅仅是季节性的过敏,就可以看完它,并在你觉得自己得到你所需的答案之前继续提问。

遇见我们的作家
Marjorie Korn.

Marjorie Korn.is a health, medicine, and features writer based in New York City. She is also a Narrative Medicine instructor at Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons.